Vibrator



Dec. 12, 1967 E. HALILOVIC 'ET AL 3,

VIBRATOR Filed Aug. Q, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet l 1 VENTORS E'S/PEF ILO BRANK RAD/ PETA/1" M/LJKOV/C United States Patent We 3,357,267 VIBRATGR Esref I. Halilovic, D. Tucovica 141, Branko P. Radisic, Lole Ribara 2, and Petar Li. Miljkovic, D. Tucovica 141, all of Belgrade, Yugoslavia Filed Aug. 4, 1965, Ser. No. 477,230 8 Claims. (Ci. 74-87) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A vibrator having a casing and a vibrating body freely movable within the case and having the shape of a spiral, ring or ellipse in cross section, the casing having inlet and outlet openings extending at outer angles.

This invention refers to a vibrator and relates more particularly to a vibrator for producing mechanical oscillations of medium frequency, for example, for the external and internal compression of concrete, for vibration sieves, for the vibration of funnels, bunkers and similar devices for the outflow of materials, for boring rocks and ores and the like.

Vibrators known in prior art have comparatively complicated constructions the important functional parts of which, particularly the bearings, are subjected to quick deterioration. Furthermore, they mainly produce balanced uniform oscillations with comparatively low frequency.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks and to increase the life of vibrators.

Another object is to produce a vibrator of simple construction which does not require any bearings, which produces unbalanced oscillations with comparatively high non-uniform frequency with continuously changing amplitude and the pitch of which is considerably higher than that of prior art vibrators.

Other objects will become apparent in the course of the following specification.

In the accomplishment of the objectives of the present invention it was found desirable to provide a vibrator wherein the length of the inserted body is considerably smaller than the length of the inner chamber, whereby the body is free axially; the inlet and outlet openings are so disposed relatively to each other that the axes of the inlet openings form acute angles with the radii of the chamber intersecting these axes at the circumference of the chamber. The outer openings are so arranged that their axes extend transversely to the how of the fluid and that the radii of the chamber, intersecting the axes of the outer openings form acute angles at the circumference of the chamber.

According to a further feature of the present invention an adjustable stopper having a counter screw is located in the upper portion of the body and serves to set the axial movement of the inserted body.

The inserted body can have a cross-section of any suitable form; besides the known circular and polygonal crosssections, it can be an ellipse, a circle with a cut out circle of smaller diameter, a spiral, an annular ring with a cutout and rounded ends, a circle with one or more cut out portions of irregular form or an ellipse with one or more cut out portions of irregular form.

Another feature of the present invention resides in that the freely insertable body is unbalanced in relation to its length by central or excentric bore holes provided at any one of its ends.

Furthermore, the freely insertable body can be narrowed at its ends in the shape of paraboloids, while in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention the chamber may be widened at its ends in the form of hyperboloids.

3,3512? Patented Dec. 12, 1967 In addition, the chamber may be so provided with the inlet and outlet openings that, for example, the inlet openings are located only at the ends of the chamber, while the outlet openings are provided in the middle of the chamber.

The present invention provides a vibrator which is particularly simple in its construction and which is not liable to breakages since it does not have any bearings; for this reason it has a much greater life expectancy than prior art vibrators.

Furthermore, the vibrator of the present invention has an increased vibrational effect due to the special construction of the vibrating body and of the chamber, since the vibrator is capable of producing unbalanced oscillations with a comparatively high non-uniform frequency and a continuously changing amplitude. This property of the vibrator of the present invention is of particular importance for the compression of concrete.

The invention will appear more clearly from the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings showing by way of example, preferred embodiments of the inventive idea.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section through a vibrator constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

FIGURE 2 is a transverse section along the line IIII of FIG. 1.

FIGURE 3 shows the transverse section a different construction of the vibrator of the present invention, wherein the free body is provided with an eccentric hole.

FIGURE 4 shows in longitudinal section another vibrator the free body of which has paraboloid-shaped ends.

FIGURE 5 shows in longitudinal section yet another embodiment wherein the ends of the chamber are widened in the shape of hyperboloids.

FIGURES 6 to 9 are cross-sections through vibration bodies of different shapes.

FIGURE 10 shows in longitudinal section yet another vibrator wherein inlet openings are provided adjacent the ends of the chamber and the outlet opening is provided in the middle of the chamber.

FIGURE ll is a transverse XIXI of FIG. 10.

Throughout the drawings similar parts have been indicated by the same numerals.

The vibrator shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a casing 1 enclosing a chamber 2 containing a freely insertable vibration body 3. A plug 4 used to regulate the operative length of the chamber 2 is mounted in the casing 1 and carries a counter screw 5. The casing 1 is provided with inlet openings 6 for the pressure medium, as well as outlet openings 7. As shown in FIG. 2 the axes of the inlet openings 5 form angles or with the radii of the chamber 2 and the axes of the outlet openings 7 form angles a with the radii of the chamber 2.

The pressure medium flows practically tangentially into the chamber 2 through the inlet openings 6 and strikes the freely inserted body 3. When the body 3 touches the wall of the chamber the current of the pressure medium produces hydrodynamic pressure in the section wherein the body 3 contacts the inner wall of the chamber 2, so that the body 3 is pushed away from the chamber wall. A narrow passage is formed between the body 3 and the adjacent portion of the chamber wall; the pressure medium flows through this narrow passage with increased speed and produces under-pressure in this narrow passage as the result of which the body 3 is thrown against the wall (hydrodynamic paradox). Due to pressure exerted by the pressure medium the body 3 will be rotated about its own axis, so that the so-ca1led Magnus-effect is produced which increases the elfect of the hydrodynamic section along the line paradox, since under-pressure will be increased in the narrow passage. Due to these physical effects pressure is so distributed around the body 3 that it is thrust against the chamber wall in the direction of the resulting force. At the moment of impact the fiow of the pressure liquid is suddenly interrupted, so that a hydraulic thrust is produced, namely, pressure against the body 3 is suddenly increased, so that it is pushed away from the wall of the chamber 2. Then the flow of the pressure medium between the body 3 and the adiacent wall of the chamber 2 will continue. The described procedure will repeat itself a few times during the circulating movement of the body 3 around the entire periphery of the chamber 2. Actually the body 3 moves continuously along the entire periphery of the chamber 2, i.e. along the inner walls thereof, while the pressure medium flows through the inlet openings.

FIGURE 3 shows a somewhat diflerent vibrator wherein the free body 3 is provided with an excentric opening 3 which is bored through the body. This produces an unbalance in the vibration body. In other respects the construction is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIGURE 4 shows another vibrator having a body 3" which is narrowed at its ends in the form of paraboloids 9. This shape of the body has the advantage that if in an inclined position it strikes against a wall of the chamber, it will strike it with a much greater surface than would be the case if it had cylindrical forms. Furthermore, in this construction the body 3 has a bore hole 19 located at one of its ends only, which will increase the speed of rotation of the body 3" in the course of its operation, thus increasing the desired lack of uniformity of vibrations.

It is apparent that the unbalance in relation to the length of the body 3", as it is illustrated in this embodiment, can be also applied to other above described constructional embodiments of the present invention.

FIGURE 5 shows a further construction of the vibrator which difiers from that of FIG. 4 in that the ends of the chamber 2' are extended in the shape of hyperboloids 11, while the freely inserted body 3 has the previously illustrated cylindrical shape. Thus when the free body 3 strikes a wall of the chamber 2' the contact again will take place along a larger surface.

FIGURES 6 to 9 show vibration bodies of different cross-sections which can be constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

FIGURE 6 shows a body 3a having the shape of a spiral.

FIGURE 7 shows a body 3b which is C-shaped in crosssection, namely, it has the shape of a ring with a cut out portion and rounded ends.

FIGURE 8 shows a body 30 which is partly round and provided with a recess.

FIGURE 9 shows a body 3d which has in cross-section an elongated curved irregular form approximating an ellipse.

All these shapes of the body make it possible to produce different desired non-uniform vibrations.

Obviously in addition to the illustrated cross-sections the body can have other irregular shapes.

FIGURES 10 and 11 show a possible embodiment of a vibrator having a chamber 2" wherein the inlet openings 6 are located only adjacent the ends of the chamber, while the outlet openings 7 are located in the middle of the chamber. This distribution of the inlet and outlet openings 6,7 produces a flow of the pressure medium which starts at the ends of the chamber 2 and which continues in the shape of a spiral to the middle of the chamber. Thus this flow holds the body 3" in a floating position in relation to the ends of the chamber. This arrangement eliminates completely any friction of the body 3" at the ends of the chamber 2", as well as any lag during operation.

It is apparent that the examples described above have been given solely by way of illustration and not by way present invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein said vibrating body has the shape of a spiral in cross-section.

Z. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein said vibrating body has in cross section the shape of a ring with a cutout portion and rounded ends.

3. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to th flow of a fiuid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein said vibrating body has the shape of an irregular ellipse in cross section.

4. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein said vibrating body has a bore hole at one of its ends.

5. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings have axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein said vibrating body has ends reduced in the shape of paraboloids.

6. A Vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner enlongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axis at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, further comprising a plug carried by said casing and closing said chamber, and a counter screw carried by said plug.

7. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein the ends of said chamber are enlarged in the shape of paraboloids.

8. A vibrator comprising a casing enclosing an inner elongated chamber, and a vibrating body which is substantially shorter than said chamber and is freely movable therein, said casing having a plurality of inlet openings the axes of which form acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting said axes at the circumference of said chamber, said casing further having a plurality of outlet openings having axes extending transversely to the flow of a fluid entering the chamber through the inlet openings, the last-mentioned axes forming acute angles with the radii of said chamber intersecting them at the circumference of said chamber, wherein said inlet openings are located solely at the ends of said chamber and said outlet openings are located in the middle of said chamber.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,960,314 11/1960 Bodine 74-87 3,192,839 7/1965 Vivier 7487 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,297,418 5/1962 France.

FRED C. MATTERN, JR., Primary Examiner. C. J. HUSAR, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A VIBRATOR COMPRISING A CASING ENCLOSING AN INNER ELONGATED CHAMBER, AND A VIBRATING BODY WHICH IS SUBSTANTIALLY SHORTER THAN SAID CHAMBER AND IN FREELY MOVABLE THEREIN, SAID CASING HAVING A PLURALITY OF INLET OPENINGS THE AXES OF WHICH FORM ACUTE ANGLES WITH THE RADII OF SAID CHAMBER INTERSECTING SAID AXES AT THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF SAID CHAMBER, SAID CASING FURTHER HAVING A PLURALITY OF OUTLET OPENINGS HAVING AXES EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY TO THE FLOW OF A FLUID ENTERING THE CHAMBER THROUGH THE INLET OPENINGS, THE LAST-MENTIONED AXES FORMING ACUTE ANGLES WITH THE RADII OF SAID CHAMBER INTERSECTING THEM AT THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF SAID CHAMBER, WHEREIN SAID VIBRATING BODY HAS THE SHAPE OF A SPIRAL IN CROSS-SECTION. 